Category: Career Exploration

The Journey from Postdoc to Working in Postdoctoral Affairs

10/21/2020

Personal Perspective, Career Exploration, Life Advice

Approximately 2 years ago I was navigating a multi-pronged job search where I considered a variety of career paths to pursue after my postdoctoral fellowship at Vanderbilt University. I am now approaching the end of my second year working in postdoctoral affairs at North Carolina State University, which I began in January 2019.

This piece about my transition from postdoc to working in postdoc affairs originally appeared in the National Postdoctoral Association's online newsletter, The POSTDOCket, in April 2019. I have added some additional thoughts and reflections in bold (red).

Like many postdoctoral scholars, I considered a variety of careers during my time as a postdoc at Vanderbilt University. I applied to tenure-track faculty jobs in fall 2017 and 2018, submitting nearly 25 applications each year (read more in my Tales from the Academic Job Market). I also talked with individuals in my immediate and extended network (via informational interviews) who worked in a variety of areas outside academia: medical writing, medical science liaison, & life science consulting.

Only since fall 2018 did I think that a career in postdoctoral affairs was both an option, and an area where I had the necessary qualifications. In retrospect however, I realize I had been steadily building a portfolio of postdoc affairs involvement and professional development knowledge over the past few years.

Involvement in the Vanderbilt University Postdoctoral Association

I got my first in-depth exposure to postdoctoral affairs while working with the Vanderbilt Postdoctoral Association (VPA) as treasurer in 2016-17 and junior co-chair (vice president) in 2017-18. During that time, the VPA executive board and I worked with our newly centralized Office of Postdoctoral Affairs (OPA) to broaden our programming for a wider postdoc audience.

Although developing programming to be broadly relevant and useful to postdocs from varying fields was a challenge, we made progress in reaching a larger and more diverse population of Vanderbilt postdocs through our social and professional development events. While interacting with postdocs in my VPA leadership roles, I began to understand the range of challenges they faced: international employment issues, family care issues, mental health issues, and lack of supervisor/mentor support, just to name a few.

I have subsequently written about some of the challenges postdocs face on this blog.
See:

The Challenges of Being an International Researcher: Implications for Advanced Degree Labor Markets
- Part 1
- Part 2
Call to Action: Measuring Postdoc Impact

I can't emphasize enough the value of getting involved in something beyond your work/lab/school while a graduate student or postdoc....you learn so much about other skills you have to offer and, through volunteering, have a chance to give back to your community.

Networking with Postdoc Development Offices at the NPA's Annual Conference

My exposure to the challenges and various levels of support available to postdocs at a national level was broadened by attending the National Postdoctoral Association (NPA)’s Annual Conference in 2017 and 2018. I learned from other postdoctoral offices and organizations about work that they were doing geared toward improving postdoctoral career readiness (i.e., thinking broadly about career options) and outcomes.

In speaking with NPA poster presenters, I learned how they successfully campaigned for higher starting postdoc salaries, organized joint events with nearby institutions to share costs, leveraged alumni networks, and tracked career outcomes. The importance of using data to campaign for change and track interventions was a key lesson I learned from these interactions.

In my current role, I have begun working on better postdoc career outcomes transparency. In fact, I present data on the subject during our mandatory new postdoc orientation at NC State University. By showing postdocs the range of career fields they can move into early in their tenure, I hope to prompt them to realize there are many successful "next steps" available to them after their time as a postdoc.

I have also led the development of a Postdoc Climate Survey we launched this year and hope to leverage this data to continue to advocate for initiatives that improve the postdoctoral experience here at NC State.

Writing/Blogging About Career & Professional Development

Around the time I was becoming more involved in the postdoctoral community at Vanderbilt and beyond, I became interested in a career in science communication and medical writing. At the NPA annual meeting, I learned about The POSTDOCket, the online newsletter for the organization. I began writing for The POSTDOCket following the 2017 NPA annual meeting, where I profiled a workshop I attended by SciPhD.

Over the next few years, I wrote twelve pieces for the newsletter and continue to contribute to it. My interview with Sam Castañeda, a pioneer in postdoctoral support services and resources at the University of California, Berkeley, was particularly inspiring as I learned more about the impact that postdoc offices can have on improving the postdoc experience through community building, personal and professional support services, and advocating at the state and national level.

In addition, I began writing about my own journey in career exploration for the NIH BEST blog in fall 2018, in hopes that sharing my experiences of the post-PhD job hunt would help current trainees on the job market.

I now serve on the NPA Board of Directors and liaise with The POSTDOCket team. If you are a postdoc or someone who supports postdocs, contributing your ideas and writing to The POSTDOCket is an excellent way to begin establishing yourself as a thought leader in the postdoc affairs space. Offering helpful advice to postdocs in The POSTDOCket is another excellent reason to write for this outlet.

Volunteer with The POSTDOCket

By hearing more about working in the postdoc affairs space from others involved in the NPA, I began to see how many aspects of this work were a good fit for my interests and values. I really enjoy helping others through information sharing as well as empowering them to tell their stories effectively. One way I do this in my current role at NC State is through a blog I launched in August 2019: ImPACKful. With other members of our Graduate School Professional Development Team, we use the blog to share advice and resources for graduate students and postdocs in addition to highlighting current and past trainees' work. It has been quite rewarding building this communication platform and my next goal is to have more graduate students and postdocs contribute to content development on the blog, including a new series featuring informational interview insights from trainees' conversations with NC State graduate school and postdoc alumni.

Establish a Connection with Your Local Career & Professional Development Team

I had many great examples of career and professional development resources available to me while a postdoc at Vanderbilt. The Vanderbilt Office of Biomedical Research Education and Training (BRET) offers an incredible array of programming to graduate students and postdocs. During my time as a postdoc at Vanderbilt I assisted in planning some of this programming. In fact, the people I worked with in the BRET Office at Vanderbilt were the ones who directed me towards a job advertisement for a postdoc program manager position for which they thought I was a good fit. After reading the job description they forwarded to me, it seemed to be a job where I could work to help postdocs feel more “career ready” and simultaneously try to improve institutional resources and support for them, which really appealed to me.

While applying to this and similar program manager positions, I learned from a contact who I met at the NPA Conference (and on her LinkedIn feed, no less—the power of networking and LinkedIn in action!) of the postdoc program manager position at North Carolina State University—the ideal job for me (based on geographic preference and being nearer to family). The story of my first “real job” offer, subsequent soul searching, and eventual acceptance of my current position can be read elsewhere.

One organization to keep on your radar if you are interested in a career in graduate or postdoc career & professional development work is the Graduate Career Consortium (GCC).
I joined GCC shortly after beginning my position at NC State and have found the community very supportive and collaborative. GCCers share resources and ideas about how to help those of us working in PhD career and professional development do our jobs better. Through various committees, GCC members are focused on important topics around grad/postdoc career outcomes as well as developing useful resources for trainees including ImaginePhD, a career exploration platform for the humanities and social sciences. GCC members also share advice on career planning for both trainees and the professionals who serve them through the weekly Carpe Careers column on Inside Higher Ed. In addition, the GCC member message board is great way to learn about job openings in this space. Finally, the GCC offers a trainee membership for grad students and postdocs interested in learning more about a career in grad/postdoc career and professional development.

Final Thoughts

In conclusion, my path to a career in postdoctoral affairs hasn’t been meticulously planned, but rather grew out of the various experiences I’ve highlighted in this article. As I reflect further on what pushed me to pursue this career path, I would say that it comes from my fundamental enjoyment in helping people. I found research mentoring to be personally fulfilling as a graduate student and postdoc, and am now a form of mentor to postdocs at NC State. To come (nearly) full circle, my first profile piece for The POSTDOCket focused on the importance of doctorally-trained individuals realizing they have transferable skills that are relevant to a variety of careers outside academia. In my new role, I am working to drive that point home to the postdocs here, helping them prepare for careers where their skills and experiences can have an impact—as I hope my position as postdoctoral program manager will.

Checking In Two Years Later

Now nearly 2 years into my current role as Postdoc Program Manager at NC State University, my day job is filled with many administrative tasks as well as work I find more engaging, including providing career advice and developing resources to support both postdocs and graduate students here.

I have also realized I can contribute to important national efforts focused on empowering postdocs via my work within NPA & GCC as well as through scholarship in the education research and career outcomes space.

I was fortunate to get involved with an amazing grass roots effort from the Future PI Slack community in Spring 2019 around better understanding the faculty job market in North America. This resulted in contributing to an ongoing collaborative survey of postdoc applicants on the faculty job market.

We published our first set of data from this work in June 2020 and are currently analyzing the data from this past faculty hiring cycle (2019-2020).

I realize that contributing my talents toward this and related work could have an enormous impact on the scientific workforce and potentially influence the future makeup of faculty at higher education institutions in the United States and Canada. Through data we can empower current trainees to better understand what it takes to land a faculty position. In addition, our work can help illuminate current issues in the faculty application review process that may bias search committees to favor some applicants over others.

This is critical work that I am glad to be a part of and that, frankly, I couldn't have imagined myself doing two years ago. However, I now see how my experiences, skills, interests, and values have led me to my current focus of supporting the scientific workforce, of which postdocs are a key constituent.

Life is surprising but in retrospect can often make sense. I think the key is to lean in to new experiences and expand what you think is possible for your work and life. You just might discover a whole new area where you can contribute your efforts and have a positive impact on the world.

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NIH BEST BLOG REWIND: EXPLORING A VARIETY OF CAREER PATHS

9/1/2020

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Career Exploration, Personal Perspective

In Fall 2018, I started writing a series of pieces for the NIH Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (BEST) Student/Postdoc Blog. As these pieces are no longer accessible online, I wanted to re-share them in a continuing series NIH BEST Blog Rewind. Here, I will add some additional thoughts to what was originally authored in 2018, denoted in bold (dark red) throughout the piece.

Original Publication Date: December 2018 NEW Perspectives, Comments, & Insights
Part of a series revisiting my NIH BEST Blog pieces.

A career journey is often like a winding road with unexpected turns.

In my last post, I mentioned I would talk about exploring available career paths that may interest you based on your personal skills and values. An important thing to mention up front is that I believe there isn’t one ideal, career fit for each of us. I think people can find many, relatively different careers interesting and fulfilling. I think this is a good thing as it puts less pressure on us to find that perfect career. You should rather, I believe, explore several career options and then narrow them down to the two or three that you think would fit your interests and preferences in terms of salary, work-life balance, location, etc…and then aggressively pursue them.

This brings to mind the Life Design work coming out of Stanford University. One of their main points in life design is that there are many potential "yous" out there...a variety of things you could do with your life that would be equally fulfilling. I talked a bit about the Designing Your Life book in an earlier post but you can also check out this excellent presentation from one of the book's co-authors, Bill Burnett, below.

Another key point from Life Design is to "try stuff"...which includes talking to people about their current career so you can visualize whether it might be a good fit for you (Informational Interviews). Better yet, try to intern (see also) or volunteer in an area you might be interested in moving into.

Thinking About Potential Careers
Over the past several months I have thought a lot about my career. I have considered roles in life science consulting, as a medical science liaison, in medical writing, and, most recently, in career & professional development services. In this blog post, I will focus on what I learned about these particular careers and my personal evaluation of their fit for my life. Hopefully walking through this process lets you learn a bit about these careers (which may be useful in your own exploration) as well as how I have weighed the pros and cons of each career path to narrow my options to my final two.

Life Science Consulting
Life science consulting is a growing field that includes companies such as Clearview Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, L.E.K., Clarion, and Triangle Insights Group. You can read more about consulting as a career for Ph.D.s and about one Ph.D.’s journey to life science consulting here. Many of these companies hire MBA graduates, but they will often hire Ph.D.s with domain expertise. While the compensation for Ph.D. trained consultants in these companies is normally quite good ($80,000+ (in Dec 2018), now ~$90,000 according to Glassdoor), that comes with expectations of long hours and, often, a lot of traveling.
Many Ph.D.s transition from consulting to work in the biotech or pharmaceutical industry as the hard life of a consultant is difficult to maintain for more than a few years. I think this type of career can be particularly straining on someone with a family and often is more appealing to single individuals. These impressions are my own and while the consulting life certainly can work for some people, I realized pretty early on that it wouldn’t for me. If you are interested in trying out the field, though, both Clearview & Putnam offer summer programs for Ph.D. students and postdocs to learn more about the consulting role and visit their offices.

Medical Science Liaison
The medical science liaison (MSL) role is also a growing one for Ph.D.-trained scientists. The career involves establishing relationships with key opinion leaders (KOLs), typically clinicians, to learn more about their therapeutic needs. MSLs most often work for pharmaceutical companies and are tasked with educating KOLs on the advantages of their company’s products. While the position is not directly in “sales,” it is hard for me to disentangle the MSL role from selling a product (if only selling via education). MSLs often travel to meet with KOLs in their designated geographic area/territory and spend considerable time on the road, and the compensation is typically excellent ($90,000+).
MSL experience is highly desirable for potential employers, which brings up the Catch 22 problem of breaking into the MSL role if someone doesn’t have experience as an MSL. I think one’s first MSL job is often about therapeutic area fit. For example, if your Ph.D. and postdoctoral research have focused extensively on glioblastoma and Company X is about to launch a new drug to treat that particular type of cancer, they are more likely to hire you to be an MSL for that product.
There are programs that will help train you in the language of the MSL field that may help you secure a position, but I can’t personally speak to their value. In the end, I found it difficult to find MSL positions that fit my research expertise in neuroscience (many pharmaceutical companies have moved out of this therapeutic area, though this appears to be changing) and also was a bit uncomfortable with the “selling” that went with the role. I know many MSLs, though, and they all seem very satisfied with the role. Check out the MSL Society’s website for more resources.

Medical Writing
Medical writing is a diverse career field encompassing individuals focused on regulatory writing, manuscript services, and broad-based science communication. Regulatory writing for the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and other government bodies is a niche area in high demand.
Read more about Regulatory Affairs as a career in the excellent UNC TIBBS Career Blog.
The medical writing occupation is nice due to its flexibility—many writers work from home or remotely. The average compensation for a medical writer is ~$75,000 but note there is a large range of variability in the duties and salaries associated with these roles. In my personal experience, regulatory affairs writing roles are in particularly high demand.
If you are interested in this career path, consider joining the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA), which provides a variety of useful resources, offers a very reasonably-priced student membership, and has local chapters across the country to facilitate networking.

Want to learn more about medical writing?
AMWA's Ultimate Guide to Becoming a Medical Writer is an excellent place to start!

The key to finding a medical writing career that fits your interest is to be sure you understand how a company you are interested in views that role. For example, some companies are focused more on regulatory writing while others do more medical communications work. So, be sure to talk to medical writers who work at companies you are interested in about the duties associated with their role via informational interviews.
A great way to show competency as a medical writer is to get experience writing more than scientific papers. I have personally blogged for a local organization focused on advances in the healthcare industry. In addition, writing for a local newsletter on your campus or via an organization like the National Postdoctoral Association (The POSTDOCket) can give you experience preparing pieces for broader audiences and under a timeline. If you can’t work with an existing media outlet, you can publish your own articles on LinkedIn (see an example here), which is a great way to build a portfolio of expertise not just in writing but also in whatever scientific/medical area you focus on. For example, you could write about particular therapeutic areas that you want to work in as an MSL (dual-purpose activity!). After speaking with several people in the field, I have continued to pursue the medical writing career path. It sounds like a great mix of scientific rigor and work-life balance.
For another perspective on medical writing as a career, see this interview with Dee Rodeberg from the UNC TIBBS Career Blog.

I am now actively involved in the Carolinas Chapter of AMWA. So, if you live in the Raleigh-Durham area and are interested in this career path, check out the events page of our website for upcoming information sessions & networking opportunities! And find your local AMWA chapter here.

Ph.D. Student & Postdoctoral Fellow Support & Professional Development
Ph.D. Student & Postdoctoral Fellow Support & Professional Development is a career area that I have been pursuing of late. Individuals in this field work for universities (often in the Graduate School or Office of Postdoctoral Affairs) and assist trainees in their professional development and career exploration. A person in this role can be seen as a type of career coach and often leads workshops on using LinkedIn, resume writing, networking, and job negotiation. These roles are often multifaceted and can include liaising with faculty who have questions about the appointment process and trainee benefits as well as building connections outside the university for potential trainee internships or shadowing opportunities.

The story of me pursuing the graduate student/postdoc career & professional development career path was born out of an email I received from someone in Vanderbilt’s BRET Office who thought a job like this would be a good fit for me. I have been very active in the Vanderbilt Postdoctoral Association and the National Postdoctoral Association (NPA) but didn’t consider working in graduate student & postdoc affairs as a reasonable career path due to what I assumed to be a small number of available jobs. While the number of jobs is small, it is a growing career field. Having a network of individuals in this area (whom I met at the NPA annual meetings and often post job opportunities on LinkedIn) also helped me learn about job openings as they become available. In addition, the Graduate Career Consortium (GCC) maintains a member area where job opportunities in the career/professional development space are shared.

Note, the GCC now has a trainee membership for graduate students and postdocs interested in being better connected with professionals working in this space.

This is a career area that I am definitely passionate about and could see as a good fit for me in terms of being a rewarding career with excellent work-life balance.

Update: I did end up moving into the graduate/postdoc career & professional development career. Since January 2019, I manage the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs at NC State University. Read more about my transition from postdoc to postdoc affairs professional in this POSTDOCket piece here.

I have also taken on leadership positions with the NPA & GCC. Both organizations have bright futures ahead. The NPA recently announced the hire of a new Executive Director and GCC membership is rapidly growing (~15% increase in membership since 2018)...now with over 450 members. It is a great time to get involved in both organizations either as a postdoc (NPA) or budding career/development professional (GCC).

Final Thoughts
I will talk more about the challenges of navigating a multi-prong career search in the future.

What I will say in closing is that the keys to performing a comprehensive career exploration search are to:

Start early
Talk with people in the role you want via informational interviews (use LinkedIn to find these people—I love the alumni tool as you have an instant connection with alumni from your current or former school)
Make use of national organizations that are focused on a career area of interest to you and go to their social events to network with and learn from professionals
Stay in touch with people at companies or in careers you are interested in who may be able to let you know of job openings as they become available
Keep an open mind

As mentioned earlier, there are many lives you can live and feel fulfilled. The key, then, is to realize that fact early, explore multiple career options, and find a few paths to pursue with intent. You may be surprised to discover where it all ultimately leads but by keeping a few options open, you will leave room to pursue exciting opportunities as they arise (Planned Happenstance).

Further Reading
Career Exploration Series on PassioInventa
The Rewards of Life Sciences Consulting: A Conversation with Putnam’s Remco op den Kelder
Top 10 List Of Alternative Careers For PhD Science Graduates
What Informational Interviews Can Do for You
What do we know about Ph.D. scientists’ career paths?
Highlighting data from the Council of Graduate Schools' PhD Career Pathways Program
Association of American Universities (AAU) PhD Education Initiative
Activities & Reports

From the Reflections Blog
Start Here (using Design Thinking in career exploration)
Career Exploration 101
The Future of Work (and the transferable skills you build pursuing a PhD)
NIH BEST Blog Rewind Series
Pondering the "next step" as a late-stage postdoctoral fellow
Is a postdoc worth it?

Resources
Designing Your Life worksheets
(Informational) Interviewing & Networking Tips from PhD+ (UVA)
Explore Careers via Vanderbilt's Beyond the Lab Video Series

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NIH BEST Blog Rewind: Is a Postdoc Worth It?

8/18/2020

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Career Exploration, Personal Perspective

Original Publication Date: November 2018 NEW Perspectives, Comments, & Insights
Part of a series revisiting my NIH BEST Blog pieces.

Is a postdoc worth it? It can be, if you use it strategically.

Recently, I came across a passage in the book Educated: A Memoir by Tara Westover that I think perfectly captures the nature of finding one’s place in the world. When talking about all the decisions that go into making a life, Westover makes the following analogy:

“Decided. Choices (that people make, together and on their own), numberless as grains of sand, had layered, compressed, coalescing into sediment, then into rock, until all was set in stone.”

The Fundamental Post-Ph.D. Choice Point: To Postdoc or Not?
Truly, the choices we make throughout our life ultimately shape and define us. Some choices may seem small and trivial (grains of sand) but they compound over time. The choice to pursue a postdoc is certainly not a trivial one but some of the experiences that accompany it can add up to have an impact on one’s career trajectory, often in unexpected ways.

The most pressing decision for the majority of late-stage graduate students is whether to pursue postdoctoral training. Long the default for those Ph.D.s interested in faculty careers in academia, the postdoctoral fellowship, especially in the sciences has become ubiquitous and a virtually expected next step after graduate school. According to NSF data, ~61% of US life science Ph.D.s with post graduation commitments are pursuing a postdoc and ~38% of all Ph.D. recipients surveyed pursue a postdoc. Even for graduate students interested in careers in industry, many are told that employers want to see postdoctoral experience before offering them a job. Nevertheless, graduate students should definitely consider the value of a postdoc to their own career goals before committing to a few (or often more) years of training.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unstable labor market (including in academia), now may be an excellent time for Ph.D.s to spend a few years in a postdoc to strengthen their skills as they wait for economic conditions to improve. Postdocs will, at least for the foreseeable future, be needed to help drive scientific research and innovation at US universities. In fact, data on postdoctoral hiring trends collected in May/June 2020 by the Professional Development and Career Office at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine found 35% of responding institutions have not changed their postdoc hiring practices at all post-COVID-19 and only 3% have stopped hiring postdocs completely.

Data collected from 31 postdoc offices across the US in May/June 2020 indicate postdoc hiring is still occurring, if primarily in a modified form (requiring additional levels of approval or verification of funding source for the positions).

Furthermore, having an advanced degree may insulate Ph.D. holders from the main shock to labor markets post-COVID-19. And one can imagine the demand for life science Ph.D.s working to assist companies developing COVID-19 therapies and vaccines could be high. Additionally, as companies and industries use this time to rethink their workforce, the skills you are developing in your Ph.D. and postdoc - critical thinking, information synthesis, hypothesis testing, and presentation skills - will have you prepared for the future of work.

Why Pursue the Postdoc Path? Pluses & Minuses
If you love doing research, a postdoc can seem like a great thing as there are no longer pesky classes and dissertation committee meetings that go along with being a Ph.D. student. Rather, a research postdoc is all about the science. However, there are clear short-term financial costs to pursuing a postdoc as a well-publicized 2017 study found, estimating that 15 years into their careers, former postdoc researchers earned a total salary ~20% less than non-postdocs across a variety of sectors (non-tenure track academic research, government/nonprofit, industry). While this number is somewhat depressing, I am about to use a cliché but one I whole-heartedly believe in when it comes to the postdoctoral experience: it’s not all about the money.

Obviously, it is not about the money while you are in a postdoc and clearly one’s particular family situation may prompt you to look for a higher salary than that of a postdoc after you complete your Ph.D., which is completely understandable. However, the postdoc time can be useful to allow you to continue to explore your career options and diversify your skill set.

Use Your Time as Postdoc to Build Skills & Expand Your Career Options
I realize my perspective as a mobile, single, relatively young man is different than many others. To summarize my personal experience on the matter, I have found my 4.5 years as a postdoc to be a great experience that helped me grow as a person. During this time I have done cool science that will hopefully have an impact on human health, learned a variety of new techniques and skills (both “hard/technical” and “soft/transferable”; including leadership skills in the Vanderbilt Postdoctoral Association), and discovered more about what I desire for my life.

In addition, I used my time as a postdoc to explore a variety of career options via informational interviews and on-campus sessions as part of Vanderbilt’s BEST Program: ASPIRE. I also greatly expanded my professional network by attending a variety of local and national conferences on topics ranging from Healthcare to Data Science to Neuroscience. I honed my written and oral communication by volunteering to write/blog for a variety of outlets and never saying no to an invitation to talk about my research work, which I have done at conferences, universities, on Twitter, and at a local science club in Nashville. These varied experiences have shaped who I now am. I didn’t come to this postdoc thinking all of these experiences would happen to me but they did and I am a better person for experiencing them. From these experiences, I know I can write effectively, speak publicly, organize meetings, work as part of a team, and plan and execute a variety of projects, all skills that will be valuable in whatever career I pursue post postdoc.

A Postdoc Can Provide Life Flexibility
Furthermore, and while it will vary from lab to lab, I have to say that my postdoctoral experience has also given me the ability to live a flexible life. I can take a few weeks off between Christmas and New Years to visit with my parents and sisters, take a week off in the summer to go to the beach with family and friends, or take a Friday off to get a jumpstart on a weekend trip. As long as one's work gets done, a good postdoc advisor won't micromanage your working hours. Thus, a postdoc can offer a good deal of autonomy and flexibility, albeit compensating you at a lower rate than the market might allow. Importantly, postdoc compensation is improving, as measured by NIH NRSA postdoc stipend levels.

There is a saying that life is often a tradeoff between time and money, you will often have too much of one but not enough of the other.

While the above quote referencing the time/money trade-off is certainly not always true, I feel like my position as a postdoc, while not giving me the best monetary reward, gave and still gives me a lot of flexibility and a good work-life balance. It is hard to put a price on that. As my parents get older, I am keenly aware that I should take the time when I can to visit them and other family members. My choice to do a flexible postdoc (as opposed to working in the corporate, 9-5 always “on” world) has given me the ability to make time for family.

Given the COVID-19 pandemic, you may not be able to physically visit with family or friends even if you have flexibility in your postdoc. Travel will eventually become more available as we "flatten the curve" and, thankfully, video-conferencing technology allows one to visit with others from the safety of your home.
In these challenging times, you can still use your postdoc time to up-skill via the vast number of courses offered online via LinkedIn Learning, Coursera, EdX, Udemy, and more.

Moving to Your Preferred Geographic Area for the Postdoc
One should consider taking a postdoc in a geographic area where you believe career opportunities in your desired field are plentiful. That might be the Bay Area, San Diego, Boston, New York, or lesser known but dynamically growing Southern metro areas such as Austin and Raleigh-Durham. CBRE, a world leader in real estate services, has some excellent data on leading US life science clusters and top tech talent markets in North America.

Moving to any of these hubs will greatly increase your opportunity to find employment after your postdoc and by doing your postdoc in these metro areas, you will be able to actively network with individuals working in the life science and technology sectors. Obviously, COVID-19 will limit your ability to physically network with most anyone over the coming months but many regional groups such as MassBio and the NC Biotechnology Center are currently offering virtual networking opportunities.
Finally, living in your desired geographic area as a postdoc will allow you to rapidly act on job market opportunities. If a position opens up and they want you to start in a few weeks, you will already have made the move and will be ready to hit the ground running in your new position.

North America at night from space. Accessed from: https://epod.usra.edu/blog/2000/11/city-lights-of-north-america.html

Obviously, if you are considering a faculty career path, you will have to be more flexible with your geographic preferences. Luckily, the timeline for moving to begin a faculty position can often be stretched by several months (to as long as a year) and moving expenses are often covered by the hiring university.

Even in academia, though, there are clearly geographic hubs for faculty positions: Boston, the Bay Area, Southern California, New York City, and Chicago come to mind. Here in the NC Research Triangle area, Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, & North Carolina State University employ over 12,500 faculty (including UNC & Duke Schools of Medicine) in a ~90 square-mile area. So, it is still possible to postdoc and purse a faculty position in the same geographic area, though your options will be limited.

Where you live can greatly affect your happiness, including being close to family, cultural opportunities, and employment opportunities for your significant other. So, you should definitely consider geography when taking a postdoc and your next employment opportunity, including deciding how important geographic location is for your well-being.

Transitioning Out of the Postdoc
Obviously, a postdoc should eventually come to an end and I think one shouldn’t stay too long in a postdoc. What "too long" is will vary by field but I would argue that if you don't feel like you are building new skills and growing as a researcher, you should start planning to transition out of the postdoc. It is easy to get complacent but the postdoc position should be a temporary “stepping stone” to bigger and better things.

For me, the postdoc expanded my view of what my life could be. I was pretty convinced a faculty job was what I wanted and while that still could be a good career for me (see Tales from the Academic Job Market), I have come to learn there are so many more opportunities out there for Ph.D.s. Furthermore, I have found a few “alternative” (horrible wording) careers that I think I would not only be good fits for me but also would give purpose and meaning to my life. As I mentioned in my first BEST Blog post, everyone is looking for those two things in life: purpose and meaning. My postdoc has helped me to find what that might look like for me. While I haven’t completely gone down any of these available career paths (more on these in my next post) fully just yet, I think I could be happy and fulfilled taking any of them.

Coda
Since January 2019, I work in postdoc affairs at NC State University (read some about that journey here). In this role, I help postdocs think strategically about the next step in their careers. In a way, I have come full circle from my postdoc perspective this post as I am able to reflect on my own experience as a postdoc to help others during this time in their lives.

In a perfect world, all of the above advice should be applied to graduate students. While a grad student has additional responsibilities with classes, teaching, and research projects, they can also use their time to build skills and explore their career options. Maybe then they can avoid doing a "default" postdoc (pursuing a postdoc because they don't know what else to do after receiving a Ph.D.) and more quickly transition to a career that best leverages their skills and interests and pays them appropriately for their work.

Hopefully, though, I have made the case that if you are a graduate student who still hasn't figured out what that next career step is for you, continuing to pursue a postdoc can be a strategic stepping stone. A postdoc can allow time for further self-reflection, skill building, networking, and research productivity, all of which will serve you well in your journey toward a meaningful and fulfilling career in academia, industry, or beyond.

Further References & Readings:
Career Conversations for Researchers in the Age of COVID-19 from UCSF's Office of Career & Professional Development

The National Postdoctoral Association (NPA) has laid out 6 core competencies around effective postdoctoral training:
1. Discipline-specific conceptual knowledge
2. Research skill development
3. Communication skills
4. Professionalism
5. Leadership and management skills
6. Responsible conduct of research

NPA Postdoc Career Resources

Postdoc Academy Resources, including those around succeeding as a postdoc

More from the Reflections Blog:
NIH BEST Blog Rewind: Pondering the "next step" as a late-stage postdoctoral fellow
Career Exploration 101
Post Ph.D.-Career Plans: Consider the Possibilities
The End of Work as We Know It: How an increasingly automated world will change everything
Why you should get involved in things outside the lab/work

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NIH BEST Blog Rewind: Pondering the “next step” as a late-stage postdoctoral fellow

7/21/2020

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Career Exploration, Personal Perspective

In Fall 2018, I started writing a series of pieces for the NIH Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (BEST) Student/Postdoc Blog. As these pieces are no longer accessible online, I wanted to re-share them in a continuing series NIH BEST Blog Rewind. Here, I will add some additional thoughts to what was originally authored in 2018, denoted in bold (dark red) throughout the piece.

The first in the rewind series comes from when I was entering my last academic year of funding as a postdoctoral fellow at Vanderbilt University. At the time, I was considering a lot of career paths, as many Ph.D.-trained researchers do.

I hope sharing these thoughts and my perspectives nearly 2 years removed from that experience help graduate students and postdocs currently going through the career exploration process.

Original Publication Date: October 2018 NEW Perspectives, Comments, & Insights

As a postdoc entering my 5th year, it is time to make some difficult decisions about my next career step. This is a time when many postdocs begin to question how they want their lives to progress.

Soul Searching
Does one stay in academia or move into a (horrendously named) “alternative career”? My goal over this and the next 5 BEST blog posts is to take you on my personal journey of finding a career that fits my interests, skills, and aspirations for my life, and, importantly, coming to peace with my decision.

I am not going to provide much detail on the mechanics of the job search or the importance of career exploration as those areas have been covered by others, and in other posts by yours truly (see also Start Here on this blog).

See also these excellent resources from UCSF's Office of Career & Professional Development to help you in career exploration as well as planning for academic & nonacademic careers.

Getting Personal
I want to make this series of posts personal, which will be challenging given my personality. I am going outside my comfort zone of sharing my feelings/desires/dreads so that maybe others on this journey realize that it is more than OK to do so. I think discovering and accepting your feelings in addition to taking a logical approach to the “pros” and “cons” of a position is critical to making a holistic choice that will be good for your soul.

The "Default Path" to Faculty Post Ph.D.
The “default path” of obtaining a Ph.D., doing a postdoc, and ultimately getting a faculty job is so ingrained into the culture of academic training that it often seems like considering other career options is going against the logical, natural flow. However, the career landscape for available tenure-track faculty jobs has become extremely different from that of our mentors.

I think mentors and trainees are implicitly aware of this but when you personally go through the faculty search process, it becomes very apparent just how tough it is to obtain these positions.

Personal Experience on the Faculty Job Market + New Advice & Insights
I knew through following academic and higher education news sources that landing a tenure-track faculty position was going to be tough but my experience applying last fall (2017) really opened my eyes. I applied to 26 positions that I thought fit my research interests and expertise (neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience), mostly in psychology departments at R1 research universities. I had a total of 1 on-campus interview and it was for the job description I felt least fit my expertise.

I think this result reflects two things:
1) landing a tenure-track job at an R1 is VERY difficult and
2) trying to predict which departments you think would be interested in you is virtually impossible. As with landing any job, the academic job hunt is all about “fit” and if you aren’t the right fit at the right time, you can’t expect to land the job.

Read more about my personal experience on the faculty job market in Tales From the Academic Job Market.

How can you be more proactive in planning for the faculty job market?
Don't dismiss conducting informational interviews with assistant professors at a variety of institutions to learn what made them successful in their job search. In addition, you can use these info interviews to learn more about what it is like working at a liberal arts college, Masters comprehensive university, etc... You may find being faculty at a certain type of institution best fits your skills and interests.

Also, read our Survey-based Analysis of the Academic Job Market paper now published in eLife to learn more about metrics associated with successfully receiving a faculty job offer.

Predictors of receiving a faculty job offer for individuals on the market in 2018-2019. For more see our publication in eLife (image from Fig 5D): https://elifesciences.org/articles/54097

Next Steps - Searching for Purpose & Happiness in Life
So, where am I going from here? Will I persevere and win the tenure-track lottery? Do I even want the tenure-track life (there are a lot of pros and cons)? If I move into a career outside academic research and teaching, was my postdoc a waste? Of course not (more on this point in my next NIH BEST post).

The concept of the Sunk Cost Fallacy looms large here. A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered and the fallacy involves allowing past costs to impact current and future decisions.

This manifests psychologically in the mental challenge we encounter when deciding on whether we should abandon a project or direction due to the amount of energy, time, or resources you have already invested into it INSTEAD OF whether the decision makes sense in the moment or with an eye to the future.

This lingering on sunk costs can also be problematic when considering a career change. Don't let your past investments in a particular career path dissuade you from pursuing what interests you now. Find your Ikigai ("reason for being" in Japanese).

Over the course of this blog series, I hope to share my experiences in finding a landing place after the postdoc. I am going to try to be fairly open about the struggles and doubts I experience and hopefully offer perspective on finding happiness and purpose in life. I think it is ingrained in American culture that your career defines you. New people you meet invariably ask, “What do you do?” to get a sense of who you are and what you value. This is unfortunate. You are so much more than a job or even a career (acknowledging the distinction that often gets drawn there).

Think Beyond Lab/Work/School
Through volunteering in something you deeply believe in, you can also find purpose, even if your job has no direct impact on the world. The key here is to know what you can and can’t sacrifice in a job or career and how you might be able to fill a particular void in your life through activities outside of work.

I volunteered in my local postdoctoral association and it ultimately led to a career path I did not initially consider.

In retrospect, my involvement in the Vanderbilt Postdoctoral Association (VPA) allowed me to build confidence in my leadership experience (as treasurer & junior co-chair/vice president), learn more about the postdoctoral training & support landscape, and exposed me to the national postdoc affairs landscape by attending National Postdoctoral Association annual meetings. Now working as the Postdoc Affairs Program Manager at NC State University, I can see how all those past experiences led me to my current role.

Without getting involved in the VPA, I might not have ended up in my current career.

You never know how the various experiences in your life will ultimately influence you and your path. The key is to experience things beyond your current work/research/training to broaden your perspective, give back, and build new skills - they will benefit you now & in the future.

Come Along On My Journey

In closing, part of the search for a post-postdoc (or post-Ph.D.) career is a search for yourself. This sounds kind of intimidating and it is. Hopefully, though, by going on this journey with me you will see that people do come through to the other side and along the way they often discover what is most important to their well-being and happiness. Seems like a pretty nice outcome after navigating the hard, twisty road to a career. Ready for the ride?

Further Reading
Career Management: The Sunk-Cost Fallacy!

The Journey from Postdoc to Working in Postdoctoral Affairs

More from the Reflections Blog:
Career Exploration Series
Start Here

Career Exploration Series (PassioInventa)

Learn more about BEST
BEST: Implementing Career Development Activities for Biomedical Research Trainees
This book provides an instructional guide for institutions wanting to create, supplement or improve their career and professional development offerings. Each chapter provides an exclusive perspective from an administrator from the 17 Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (BEST) institutions. The book can aid institutions who train graduate students in a variety of careers by teaching faculty and staff how to create and implement career development programming, how to highlight the effectiveness of offerings, how to demonstrate that creating a program from scratch is doable, and how to inform faculty and staff on getting institutional buy-in.
This is a must-have for graduate school deans and faculty and staff who want to implement and institutionalize career development programming at their institutions. It is also ideal for graduate students and postdocs.

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Giving Thanks: Finding personal fulfillment

11/4/2019

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Life Advice, Career Exploration/Development

We are entering the month of November and that means Thanksgiving is only a few weeks away.

All too often, however, we aren't thankful enough for what we have. Instead, we can easily become consumed by what we don't have as we compare our life situations to others.

In the end, we need to work to define what life circumstances will truly make us happy, pursue those things, and ignore what others say should make us happy.

Envy & the perils of human competition & comparison
The truth is, it is very difficult for human beings to not envy one another...it is as old as the Biblical story of Cain & Abel, among others.

This brings up the philosophical debate: are humans by nature competitive or cooperative? Obviously, we are capable of both types of behavior. Certain societal and institutional settings, though, can amplify one or the other.

For instance, capitalism and neoliberalism are focused heavily on competition and individualism. In addition, American culture is often centered around individuals striving to be "the best".

There is nothing wrong with working to improve and better yourself but gauging one's progress against others in a race to the top is fraught with peril.

Furthermore, social media platforms have enabled us to know even more about the lives of others and can fuel our envy for what others have that we don't. It's important to remember, though, that on social media individuals often display only the best version of themselves and their lives.

This fact has led many young people to be focused on living the "perfect life" and when they inevitably don't reach that lofty goal, their mental health can suffer.

Finding happiness
We all want to have happy, fulfilling lives but struggle to know what that looks like for us.
Everyone has different values and needs when it comes to what they classify as a "good" life.

So, allowing others to define what you should find meaningful in life is very problematic. It is incredibly common, though. We all have parents we want to please or life plans we think we should follow but that is a recipe to live a life that lacks personal fulfillment. The idea that smart, dedicated people need to aspire toward some high-paying, prestigious job is common among parents who want their children to "succeed". But that job as a doctor, lawyer, or consultant might not be what the child really wants.

You shouldn't allow societal expectations to define your life, either. American society values money a lot. So, if you aren't earning a large salary, you might be socialized to assume your life might not be very "good". Certainly, you need to earn some threshold of salary to live a healthy life without deprivation (one study says the magic threshold number is $75,000, but your mileage may vary).

In terms of how societal expectations apply to Ph.D.-trained researchers, the assumption is that "success" for this type of training is to eventually land a faculty job. Even though there are plenty of roles where a Ph.D. would provide value and the role might better fit the trainee's skills and interests.

There is so much more to life and happiness than money or a prestigious position. But what are those other things? The answer to that is incredibly personal.

The importance of self reflection & awareness
One huge obstacle in allowing individuals to find meaning in their lives is that we often fail to take the time to think deeply about what we want out of our life. While this seems like a basic place to start, our fast-paced, modern world doesn't leave much time for self reflection unless one makes a concerted effort to do it. In fact, psychologist Tasha Eurich's research suggests ~10-15% of people are self-aware.

Self-reflect & begin designing the life you want
Exercises to increase your self-awareness.
Designing Your Career online course from Stanford University (free).
More life design resources from Stanford.

A matter of perspective
The perspective we take to our "success" is the most critical component to our happiness. We can count our blessings or ruminate on our deficiencies. The former, positive thinking is infinitely better for your mental and physical health.

Take me, for example, at age 33 with a Ph.D. I could focus on the fact that I don't make a six figure salary, that I have yet to find a significant other, and that I don't have kids, though I want to someday.
Or, I could focus on the fact that I am in very good health, have loving parents and two sisters who I get to see on a regular basis, have the flexibility in my work to take time for family, friends, and my own well being, and make enough to live pretty comfortably. On top of all that, I am doing work that I think is having a positive impact on the world, helping support others in their career & professional development.

All in all, I am doing alright.

In closing, try to take stock of what you value in your life. Is it money? Prestige? A flexible work/life balance? Autonomy in your work? Plenty of free time to spend with family and friends?

Once you know your values, pursue them and don't let the opinions of others derail you on your path to your own personal fulfillment.

When you set your own metric of success and work hard to obtain it, you can find your own happiness. And that is something to truly be thankful for.

"Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances." - Viktor Frankl

For further reading/listening
Articles:
The Comparison Trap
How to stop comparing yourself to others
The age of envy: how to be happy when everyone else's life looks perfect
How you think about money can impact how happy you are in life
How the West become a self-obsessed culture
Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences (1989-2016)
Change your perspective, change your life

Books:
The Road to Character
The resume virtues are the ones you list on your resume, the skills that you bring to the job market and contribute to external success. The eulogy virtues are deeper. They are the virtues that get talked about at your funeral, the ones that exist at the core of your being-whether you are kind, brave, honest, or faithful: what kind of relationships you formed.

Insight: The surprising truth about how others see us, how we see ourselves, and why the answers matter more than we think
Research shows that self-awareness—knowing who we are and how others see us—is the foundation for high performance, smart choices, and lasting relationships. There’s just one problem: most people don’t see themselves quite as clearly as they could. This book offers tips on improving one's self-awareness.

Podcasts:
The Happiness Lab
WorkLife with Adam Grant
The Science of Success

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Career Exploration 101

9/3/2019

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Career Exploration/Development

What do you want to be when you grow up?

This is a question we rarely escape in our youth and, if we are being honest with ourselves, something most adults grapple with from time to time.

The 21st Century world of work is evolving quickly and the concept of a "linear" career is quickly coming to an end.

What this means is that deciding what one wants to do with one's life has become an increasingly complex choice. There is rarely a single, straightforward path to most careers and the options for employment continue to grow. Freelance work abounds and employment sectors such as data science and software engineering didn't even exist as recently as a few decades ago.

Where is someone supposed to start on this journey?

As I serve graduate students and postdocs in my role at NC State University, I will highlight resources and tools of particular interest to this group.

Career Exploration Resources for Ph.D.s

One great resource is ImaginePhD, developed by the Graduate Career Consortium.

ImaginePhD and other online resources are used to create what we in the career development field call "individual development plans" - IDPs. Specifically, these resources focus around the concept of aligning your skills, interests, and values with potential careers.

Taking online skills and interests assessments through ImaginePhD, myIDP, or myPath, among others, is the first step in the career exploration process.

Your interests and skills then map on to potential job families which you need to further explore to determine which careers in those families may fit your values and other parameters important to you - work/life balance, salary, autonomy, work travel requirements, etc...

For example, from ImaginePhD my top interests include helping others, connecting ideas from different fields, and meeting and connecting people. My top skills include working with limited supervision, working as part of a team, and contributing to an institution.

These map on to the job families of Higher Education Administration (which I am in now), Communications, Public Relations, & Marketing, and Training.

ImaginePhD also has a nice career exploration worksheet you can print out and hang somewhere prominent to remind you of potential careers that align with your skills, interests, and values. It also, importantly, emphasizes the next steps required in your career exploration process.

ImaginePhD_Career_Exploration_Worksheet.pdf
File Size:	1732 kb
File Type:	pdf

Download File

Digging Deeper Into Potential Careers

After you have identified some job families you are interested in learning more about, ImaginePhD allows you to explore potential career fields further through a variety of resources including lists of common job titles in the field, sample job descriptions, job simulation information from InterSECT Job Simulations, profiles/interviews from people working in the field, and more.

ImaginePhD also offers for each job family a list of resources to allow you to connect with professionals in that field. These include links to online groups (from LinkedIn) as well as national organizations that may have local chapters in your area. The connection step is critical as it allows you to begin the important process of meeting people who work in the field, learning about the typical tasks they focus on in their work, company culture, etc...this is informational interviewing (& see).

As you get to know these individuals working in a career field of interest to you they can be powerful advocates for you when/if you begin to look into employment at their organization. This is how you build a network - meet like-minded people and get to know them and through your interaction with them show your value.

There are also a ton of tips sheets available through ImaginePhD. Some examples:
Informational Interviewing Tips
Networking Tips
LinkedIn Tips
See them all on the General Resources section of the ImaginePhD site

There are also sections for each job family from ImaginePhD focused on skill building - how to get the experiences and expertise needed to be competitive for jobs in that family. These resources include links to webinars and online courses, publications, and more.

When it comes time to apply for jobs, ImaginePhD has example application documents for each job family, links to job boards, and articles with valuable tips on making a great impression with your application materials.

Ikigai - Reason for Being

To summarize, the concept of career exploration is thinking about how your skills and interests intersect with something the world needs and will pay you to do. This process helps you find your reason for being or ikigai in Japanese.

The Importance of Self-Reflection

Tools such as ImaginePhD can help you begin to map out your reason for being but the process of finding a career fit that is right for you also takes some deep self-reflection.

You often need to listen to your gut and not overly rationalize a career choice. If you have some internal feeling of doubt/concern about a potential career path, it could be nerves, but it could also be your body telling you it might not be the best fit. Really, you need to integrate the rationale side of you with your emotions and "instincts" to make smart career decisions.

For Ph.D.s, it is hard to dismiss the "typical" path of pursuing a faculty career. However, you really need to decide if you want the lifestyle that comes with a faculty career. There are obviously many forms of faculty careers from primarily doing research and writing grants to primarily teaching. Irregardless, if you find it difficult to envision yourself as being happy in the role, you shouldn't pursue this path just because you have been "trained" to do it.

Personally, this happened with me. I was applying for faculty jobs at large, research-intensive universities but had this lingering doubt that I didn't really want to spend my time conceptualizing projects, working on grant proposals, and writing papers all day.

Only late in my postdoc did I start shifting my focus to other career options. You can read a bit about that career journey here, here, and here. I am happy in my current choice and feel like it nicely fits my personality while giving me a good work-life balance.

Final Thoughts

There are plenty of career options for Ph.D.-trained researchers. Tools like ImaginePhD and other IDP-planning resources can help you begin to discover what those other career options are.

I believe everyone has a unique set of skills that contribute value to the world. The key is discovering how they map onto your interests and values and can lead to meaningful and fulfilling work.

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Start here

5/6/2019

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Career Exploration/Development

Naming my first Reflections blog post "Start Here" may seem a bit on the nose. But, the key to taking on any big life decision is to start tackling the problem.

I am currently reading the book Designing Your Life: How to Build a Well-Lived, Joyful Life, by Bill Burnett & Dave Evans (see an excellent New York Times review here).
It is a really great read for anyone trying to improve some aspect of their lives: finding the right job, prioritizing your love/family life, doing something that makes a difference in the world, etc...

The book starts out emphasizing the need to Start Where You Are. This centers on the need for a person to figure out where they currently are in their lives and what problem(s) they are trying to solve. A key point here is that you need to focus on the right, actionable problems in your life.
You should avoid tackling what the book terms "gravity problems" or problems that we effectively have no chance of changing because they are systemic (like gravity). This doesn't mean you should tackle a difficult problem but you should address it in an actionable way where your actions have the ability to affect change.
Another key step to moving forward with your problem is addressing "anchor problems". Anchor problems often keep us stuck because we have become anchored to only one ideal solution. This is problematic because that solution may not be obtainable (think, achieving a particular job at a particular company - what are the odds of you achieving this?). Ultimately, to address these problems, you need to reframe them or approach them from a new perspective. Maybe you don't need to land that particular job but you want to do a particular type of work and there are other avenues you could pursue to find a career that is a good fit for you. Be flexible and don't get stuck on only one solution.

Life isn't about waiting for the winds to change. It's learning to adjust your sails.

The book defines "life" broadly as health, work, play, and love. You should start out assessing how your life is going in each of these areas (how full is your life in each area, what could be improved) and whether you want to tackle a particular problem in one or more of them.

You may find work fulfilling but have no time for play, love, and health. So, that might mean you need to address how much time you spend on work and whether you might want to do something different that provides you the free time to spend on the other important aspects of your life. What is a good life and how "full" these four areas of work, health, play, and love need to be to achieve the life you want will vary considerably from person to person.
Once again we come back to starting where you are. What one person might deem a life problem worth solving another might be perfectly OK with. One's "good life" is immensely personal. But you need to understand what that good life looks like for you.
As this blog and my interests focus on career exploration, let's turn to what a "good career" looks like for you. Where do you start?

At the intersection of your skills, interests, values, and personality lies your ideal career.
If you are in the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields, myIDP is a great resource to identify your skills and interests and some potential careers that might be a good fit with them. ImaginePhD is another great resource to assess your interests/skills and do some career exploration. Though it is marketed for humanities and social sciences, I find it a useful general tool.

Other great resources include InterSECT Job Simulations and content from UCSF's Office of Career & Professional Development (see also the MIND resources from UCSF).

A key concept from Designing Your Life is to "prototype" your next move...ie, try out a new career before you make the leap. A useful way to begin to learn more about a career and start to measure its fit for you is via informational interviews. Another great way to prototype is to freelance or volunteer, performing the task "on the side" to see how you like it and begin building a portfolio of experience that will help to land a job in that space, should you want to pursue it. Some work is easier to freelance or volunteer for than others. Writing is in high demand from many organizations (think, your professional association and their newsletter). You can also get experience with working with and presenting data (and market yourself as a Data Scientist) via Kaggle and keep your work available on GitHub.

A final point to keep in mind as you explore your career options, prototype your next move, and think about your ideal life: there is not one "optimal" life for you. The following quote from Designing your Life sums up this point: "A common mistake that people make, is to assume that there’s only one right solution or optimal version of your life, and that if you choose wrong, you’ve blown it.That’s completely absurd," Mr. Evans said, “There are lots of you. There are lots of right answers.”
I think this point is especially powerful as people grapple with the fear of making the "wrong" choices in life. It is freeing to know that one choice (or series of choices) doesn't have to define your whole life. The book pushes the idea of creating multiple "Odyssey Plans" for your life. Map out the next five years of your life in radically different ways: 1) pursue certificate in X, 2) intern at company Y, 3) transition to position at company Y OR 1) continue working in area Z while also working on improving writing skills by volunteering with association W, 2) do freelance writing for company D while still working in area Z, 3) move to a full-time writing career OR 1) continue working at company T, 2) take night classes in area U, 3) get promoted to new role at company T, etc.
This activity reinforces the idea that there are multiple viable options available to you in your career and life. I could do A, B, or C and be happy and fulfilled. Having this mindset means that if things don't work out with option A (you realize that career/life choice wasn't the right fit for you), you know you can pivot to option B or C and be equally (or maybe more) happy.

Remember that life is a journey, and there is no one way to undertake it nor one path to follow. With some deep reflection on your skills, values, and interests, you can start researching and planning the multiple paths you could take to achieve fulfillment in your life.

Find more resources on the Designing Your Life website.

And view Bill Burnett's talk on designing your life on YouTube.

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Reflections Blog

The Journey from Postdoc to Working in Postdoctoral Affairs

NIH BEST BLOG REWIND: EXPLORING A VARIETY OF CAREER PATHS

NIH BEST Blog Rewind: Is a Postdoc Worth It?

NIH BEST Blog Rewind: Pondering the “next step” as a late-stage postdoctoral fellow

Giving Thanks: Finding personal fulfillment

Career Exploration 101

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